Reciprocal trade agreements act apush

Chapter #34: Identifications

Nuremburg Trials
The trials that took place after WWII that were hosted by the Allied Nations to mostly pin down Nazi Germany for their crimes in war and against humanity.

Cordell Hull
The Secretary of State under the administration of FDR who was known for putting on the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act and also other notable things of FDR.

Winston Churchill
The Prime Minister of England during WWII who helped lead England into not giving up on the war against an overpowered Germany.

Charles Lindbergh
The senator who was the leader of the Isolationists and also the leader of the America First Committee.

Good Neighbor Policy
The policy adapted by FDR who believed in fixing the American image in most of South American Countries. This i ncluded removing the soldiers in those countries.

Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
The agreement and act that lowered the US tariffs to encourage trade as long as the other countries lowered their tariffs.

Rome-Berlin Axis
The treaty between Italy and Germany, two fascist nations, so that they could try and conquer Europe together.

Nye Committee
The committee that was there to investigate the causes of America joining WWI and researched the market of munitions.

Neutrality Acts
The acts that American Congress passed in hopes to draw America away from WWII and focus on domestic issues by not allowing them to trade with Europe and other things.

Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
A secret treaty that was signed between Russia and Germany so that Germany could have a 1 front war instead of a 2 front war.

"cash and carry"
The trading policy of America when it wanted to continue to sell goods to Europe, mostly France and England, but only allowed them to buy with cash and also they had to transport the goods themselves.

America First Committee
The group that focused and pushed for isolationism.

Lend-Lease Act
The act that America wanted to help Britain by giving them or lending them weapons and tanks and other war items to help the war effort.

Atlantic Charter
The charter in which the Allied nations drew up for when they won the war.

Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions

The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
Roosevelt had the chance to help stabilize the currencies when England called for the London Economic Conference to talk about the economic situation since the Great Depression also strongly affected Europe. Roosevelt was about to send Cordell Hull there, but he pulled back at the last minute because he didn’t want to deal with outside nations. However, since America wasn’t there, the conference was a failure and nothing much was done to stabilize the currencies and showed that once again America was sticking to isolationism.

Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
The Philippines was quickly becoming more of a hassle since the day the Americans annexed it because they kept on asking for their freedom. Due to the bad time in the Great Depression, FDR decided it was best to let them go and signed the Tydings-McDuffle Act, which allowed them to be independent after 12 years. The motive after it was to allow America to focus on the insides of its own nation instead of the affairs outside it’s borders.

Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
The United States was very serious about the Good Neighbor Policy because FDR stated it as one of his main goals during his inaugural address and he actually did. Many troops were pulled out of the South American countries including Cuba and Haiti. The real test came when Mexico took over some land for oil and oil companies wanted FDR to attack Mexico due to that move. FDR really wanted to keep the policy so he compromised the situation with diplomacy. It did relieve much of the negative image of America.

Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
The reciprocal trade agreements was a good idea set by Cordell Hull because it broke down the anti-trade barrier that America had with many other nations. The tariff being lowered would encourage trade with America, both incoming and outgoing. This was a good thing because it would allow the flow of money to circulate globally and help the economy of many other nations instead of just hoarding it in America.

Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
Some reasons for American isolationism is because that it had problems of its own, such as the depression and its effects, and also the affairs of the other nations were becoming more and more troublesome. There were many dictators rising to power in Europe, including Joseph Stalin or Russia, Benito Mussolini of Italy and also Adolf Hitler of Germany. The latter two set up fascist governments and quickly built a nation that depended heavily on nationalism and militarism. These were all huge problems that if America tried to deal with would only distract them from its domestic problems.

Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36 and 37 attempted the keep the US out of the war in 3 ways. To avoid trades with nations in war, America banned American merchants from helping the other nations by trading with them so that they wouldn’t be caught in any crossfires, especially weapon tradings. It also forbid any Americans from riding the ships of a nation in war in case they are shot so no casualties of Americans would be suffered. Last but not least, America also banned any loaning to a foreign nation that was in war so that no money or debt would be formulated after a war.

America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
The Spanish Civil War helped contribute to WWII because it was a playground for the new army of Hitler. Francisco Franco was a Spanish general who wanted to set up a fascist government instead of a Democratic one. The Americans were inclined to help Democracy, but it couldn’t due to the neutrality acts, and because of that, Germany was able to help Franco with his new army to test out its strength, and it clearly violated the treaties it had to keep peace.

Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
There were many acts by Nazi Germany that showed that they were a threat and also by Japan. First off, Germany began to build an economy based off mobilizing the army and moved them into the Rhineland. It also quickly began to take over the neighboring countries, such as Austria and making them part of Germany. It also wanted to take over the Sudentenland, which it claimed to be filled with its people. Then Munich Conference searched for a solution to appease the demands of Germany hoping they would cool down but they didn’t. Japan also took over much of Manchuria by attacking them and also stopped listening to America and sunk the Panay, in which it quickly apologized for doing.

Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
The United States responded to the start of WWII in Europe by trying to stay neutral at first, but it really wanted to help the Allied forces because they all had democracy instead of a fascist government however due to the Neutrality Acts, they couldn’t help anyone at all. So then they came up with the Cash and Carry policy in which it could trade with any European nation as long as they paid up front and used their own ships.

The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
The United States began to drag itself into the war after the fall of France, which was called a Phony War up until then. They realized that there was only one nation left after France that needed to fall so they came up with a draft, the first peacetime draft which recruited up to 1.2 million troops and also left 800 thousand troops in the reserves in case they were to ever go to war.

Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
America could not make more room for European Jews in the 1930’s because they couldn’t really afford to put any more new immigrants into America since the Depression was still going on and jobs were hard to find. Not only that but America was very anti-immigrants at the time, especially with the KKK reaching its peak. There was high unemployment for American citizens, so that meant that it would be even worse and harder for an immigrant to even start a living there.

Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
The Interventionists were people that wanted to help the war effort in Britain. Britain was trying to fend off its best in the Battle of Britain, one of the first aviation wars with the Royal Air Fore fighting off the Nazi Germany pilots. They wanted to send munitions and send money off the Britain. The Isolationists were people that wanted America to stay out of the war, led by Charles Lindbergh in the America First committee. They were conflicted since they wanted to support democracy but they didn’t want to get into another war.

FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
The election of 1940 was a long shot for Wendell Wilke, the Republican candidate who was chosen to run again FDR, who broke the tradition of running twice and tried to run thrice. His campaign focused on blasting FDR for running for a third term and not much of anything else. FDR won the election easily and just like Lincoln said that you don’t change a horse midrace, just during WWII.

Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
The Lend-Lease was controversial because it broke away from the American isolation policies and began to help Britain with the war effort by sending them munitions and tanks and other weapons. Hitler during the war tried to stay away from America knowing that it would be a bad idea to attack America. but after the Lend-Lease, he began to sink American ships with his U-boats. It was also said that after you lend a tank, you wouldn’t really want to take it back.

Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
The American reaction to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union was to deposit $1 billion to the Soviets thinking they were in dire need to build up a stronger army to defend against the strong Nazi army. However, the Red Army already lost some land but quickly began to fight back during the winter, which froze the German army in its place. The Allied nations and the US also met up to draw up the Atlantic Charter so that they would have a game plan after the war was over.

U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implementation of the Lend-Lease policy led them closer to war by having Americans trade with the British merchants, to give them more supplies and especially new weapons. German saw this as the US joining the war, and began to sink America ships as a warning, something that they didn’t normally do due to the fear of going to war with America.

America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
The United States entry to WWII was a gradual draw because they were already helping out the Allied nations from the start. From sending money and weapons to Britain and breaking the Neutrality Acts and also even to Russia, America pretty much got themselves involved even more when it leased weapons and also joined the Atlantic Treaty. The only thing that officially brought them into the war was when Pearl Harbor happened and forced them to join the war.